This act alters the provisions of the constitution of the federal republic of nigeria, 1999 to provide the independent national electoral commission with sufficient time to conduct byeelections and provide grounds for. Contending issues in party and electoral politics and. British colonialism created nigeria, joining diverse peoples and regions in an artificial political entity. The top three political parties at the moment still remains all progressive congress apc, peoples democratic party pdp, and all progressives grand alliance apga. Hope you have found useful the full list of all registered political parties in nigeria. In this section of the paper the writer is especially interested to have an insight on the policies and praxes of colonial economy. In the preindependence and the early post independence periods, political parties in nigeria were not ideologically based. Despite the constitutional prohibition of ethnic parties, previous election results in nigeria and ghana. In preindependence era, party politics in nigeria was based. The richards constitution of 1946 is another link in the chain of colonial or preindependence constitutions of nigeria. Political office was seen as a path away from poverty. Pdf ethnicity and development of political parties in. The political and administrative unit which came to be known as western nigeria in the 1950s came as the end of this second step.
On 15 january 1966, major chukwuma kaduna nzeogwu and his fellow rebel soldiers most of who were of southern extraction and were led by major emmanuel ifeajuna of the nigerian army, executed a bloody takeover of all institutions of government. Download complete project materials on historical development of political parties in nigeria from chapter one to five with references introduction. According to omotola 2010 multiparty systems in nigeria from the pre independence era. In 1959, there were three political parties in the country and they include the following. They provided moral support and material support like funds and manpower to the nationalistic to continue with the struggle to achieve independence.
Governance and public service delivery in nigeria covenant. Consequently, the first political party to be established was the nigerian national democratic party nndp. Nigeria s population to be 31,559,026, the political parties all agreed that there should be approximately one seat in the new house of representatives to every 100,000 persons in nigeria. Also, political parties are the most organized form of politics and political power in any state. Full list of political parties in nigeria nigerian finder. The act clearly stipulated how politicians who wish to establish a political party can go about it, including information on how a party is registered, operated and funded. The history of political parties in nigeria began when the first political party in nigeria was established in 1959, the year before nigeria gained her independence from great britain. In the precolonial era and since the independence of nigeria, ethnicity played and still playing manifest and latent roles in the body politics of nigeria.
In an effort to comparatively analysis two political parties in nigeria, the following questions are considered fundamental. Formation and impact of political parties in the 1950s up to independence. Pdf are these heady days for nigerian political parties. History and development of political parties in nigeria. The development of political parties in nigeria dates back to the days of the struggle for political independent in the late 1940s, when the nationalists were at the preindependence and postindependence periods. Ethnic socio political organizations like the afenifere, ohaneze and arewa are perhaps the most palpable on the political. Enduring lessons and opportunities for youth in africa page table of contents list of figures 2, 76, 14, 2126 list of tables 2931 1. Islam reached nigeria through the borno empire between 1068 ad and hausa states around 85 ad during the 11th century. Constitutional development in nigeria from 1914 till date. The history of political parties in nigeria can be traced to 1948 dudley, 1982. Unlike ag and ncnc, membership of the early 1920s when the first political party, the nigerian national democratic party nndp was formed. Full list of registered political parties in nigeria 2020.
In ghana, the political parties law act 574 2000 also makes similar provision prohibiting religious and ethnically based political parties in the country. Nigerian politics during the 15 years before independence and after. Precolonial political system of candidates respective countries the structural organization of the following. Political parties are the highest form of organization of political activity. The three political parties were the national council of nigeria and the cameroons ncnc. An overview of party formation in nigeria, 19601999 codesria. The economics of pre and postindependence african economy. Preindependence constitutions in nigeria archives oldnaija. Pdf ethnicity and development of political parties in nigeria. Nigeria was granted independence on october 1, 1960.
History of nigeria before independence 1914 till date. The first set of political parties to be formed in nigeria was formed in 1959, shortly before nigeria gained her independence from britain. Numerous ancient african civilizations settled in the region that is known today as nigeria, such as the kingdom of nri, the benin empire, and the oyo empire. The first chapter of the book which is the introduction gives a general. Nigeria was scheduled for independence from britain in 1960, and three main political parties ran in the preparatory elections in 1959. The economics of preindependence african economy the period before independence was a history of africas total dependency on the metropolitan nations. African governance systems in the pre and postindependence periods.
Other political parties which emerged after this were based on ethnicity. It created in nigerians a national feeling or consciousness which disposes them to. Additionally, preindependence political activity laid the groundwork for the emergence of political parties along regionalethnic lines and the patronclient relationships. Historical background and development of the nigeria press in the political arena the historical background and development of the nigerian press commenced with the printing media on 3 rd december 1859 by a christian missionary named reverend henry townsend who established the first newspaper in nigeria called iwe iroyin fun awon egba ati. It was not unusual that the nationalism that became a political factor in nigeria during the interwar period derived both from an older political particularism and broad panafricanism rather than from any sense of a common nigerian nationality. The ncnc, now headed by azikiwe who had taken control after macaulays death in 1946, formed a coalition with balewas npc after neither party won a majority in the 1959 elections. Party system and nigerians political science project topics.
For instance, the first political party in nigeria, the nigerian national democratic party. A new constitution established a federal system with an elected prime minister and a ceremonial head of state. Lessons for democracy paper presented at the conference on constitutionalism and multiparty governance in uganda, kampala, uganda, october 710, 2003. History of political parties in nigeria nigerian finder. Ethnicity and development of political parties in nigeria. The political awareness were the event that set the stage for the emergence of the action group, the northern peoples congress and the national congress of nigeria and cameroun.
National council of nigeria and the cameroons ncnc. In preindependence era, party politics in nigeria was based on ethnic factor thus one can say that it was during this period in question that the seed of ethnic politics was sown, germinated in the first republic and the products started spreading during the 3rd and 4th republics. Prominent among the new parties were the action congress of nigeria acn, the congress for political change cpc and the. The history of nigeria can be traced to settlers trading across the middle east and africa as early as 1100 bc. Nnamdi azikiwe resigned from the movement and all the lbo members followed suit thus inaugurating the process of the formation of political parties. In the preindependence and the early post independence periods, political parties in. In preindependence era, party politics in nigeria was based on ethnic factor. Ethnic politics and democratic consolidation in nigeria. Subsequently, nigeria s political space witnessed an unprecedented opening with the emergence of 63 registered political parties by april 2011. The political system of government of based on the history of nigeria before independence from 1914 till date. Political parties and party systems in africa published by the berkeley electronic press, 2007 minority premium e. In preindependence era, party politics in nigeria was based on ethnic factor thus one can say that it was during this period in ques tion that the s eed of ethnic politics was sown. Brief history of nigeria between 18491960 of independence. According to adejumobi 2002 in nigeria, primordial identities of ethnic, communal and religious formations have taken the centre stage in social and political interactions.
They are regulated under the political parties act 574 which was passed in the year 2000. The place and role african youth in postindependence african governance systems 20. The emergence of political parties in the fourth republic entails the formal convergence of various communities with their leaders and members as well as their loyalties behind. Nigeria dependence mainly on petroleum that accounted for 87% of exports and the federal governments current revenue that stand as 77% in 1988 was a major characteristic of nigeria economy during the period of the 1970s and 1980s. Clifford constitution of 1922, the parties that were formed prior to independence in 1960.
Pdf nigerian parties and political ideology researchgate. In this context, it will be right to say that lagos is the first political zone in nigeria to have some level of autonomy. Historical development of political parties in nigeria. The unique feature of this study is its examination of the political parties from preindependence to the present day and identification of pitfalls of the political parties during this period. The british administered political baptism on greyne goldies national african company which had successfully squeezed out rivals. According to the body in charge of conducting election and registering political parties, independent national electoral commission, inec, nigeria has 18 dully registered political parties and operate a multi party system. The start of ethnic politics in nigeria can be traced to the emergence of political parties and party politics made possible by the clifford constitution of 1922.
This increased political awareness paved the way for the 1959 general elections and the independent of nigeria from british rule in. Consociational power sharing and political equality in. Preindependence political setting in examining ethnicity and resource allocation in the first republic, we can hardly appreciate and comprehend what took place within that period without taking a cursory look at what went before it. Constitution of the federal republic of nigeria pdf download.
Pdf political parties in nigerias emerging democracy. Most people do not know but there are presently 68 inec recognized political parties in nigeria updated for 2018. The place and role of african youth in preindependence african governance systems 1920 1. The second political party was the northern peoples congress npc and it. The resultant political parties were the national council for nigeria and the camerouns ncnc in 1944, the action group ag in 1950 and the northern peoples congress npc in 1951. Generally, nigeria s political parties have been plagued by suspensions and expulsions of party members, cross carpeting particularly prior to elections and deep divisions and factions that have manifested sometimes in violent conflicts ikelegbe, 20. Download pdf nigerian political parties free online. Pdf the colonization of what is now known as nigeria had created lot of. List of registered political parties in nigeria by inec.
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